WEBVTT 00:00:08.515 --> 00:00:11.509 [music] 00:00:11.519 --> 00:00:13.350 What's up, sunshine? I'm Koi Wire. This 00:00:13.360 --> 00:00:15.829 is CNN 10. 10 minutes to get curious, 00:00:15.839 --> 00:00:17.510 get informed, and maybe learn something 00:00:17.520 --> 00:00:19.349 today that makes us say, "I did not know 00:00:19.359 --> 00:00:21.189 that." Hope you had an awesome holiday 00:00:21.199 --> 00:00:23.269 weekend. I enjoyed meeting some of you 00:00:23.279 --> 00:00:25.429 in Morgantown, West Virginia. All right, 00:00:25.439 --> 00:00:27.910 we have buried Viking treasures today. 00:00:27.920 --> 00:00:30.230 Cars racing without drivers. Let's rise 00:00:30.240 --> 00:00:32.069 up and get you your news. We start 00:00:32.079 --> 00:00:34.549 though with a study released last month 00:00:34.559 --> 00:00:37.030 that has put CTE and football back under 00:00:37.040 --> 00:00:38.950 the microscope. And as a former NFL 00:00:38.960 --> 00:00:41.750 player myself, this story is alarming. 00:00:41.760 --> 00:00:44.630 Researchers looked at 878 former NFL 00:00:44.640 --> 00:00:46.709 players who died from a variety of 00:00:46.719 --> 00:00:50.630 causes between 2016 and 2021 and found 00:00:50.640 --> 00:00:53.350 that at least one in four had CTE, the 00:00:53.360 --> 00:00:55.270 degenerative brain disease associated 00:00:55.280 --> 00:00:58.229 with repeated head impacts. But this 00:00:58.239 --> 00:01:01.590 headline needs context. Only 235 of 00:01:01.600 --> 00:01:03.430 those players had their brains donated 00:01:03.440 --> 00:01:05.910 to science by their family members and 00:01:05.920 --> 00:01:09.350 215 of those had CTE. The key 00:01:09.360 --> 00:01:11.510 distinction here, families who noticed 00:01:11.520 --> 00:01:14.230 symptoms of CTE before their deaths may 00:01:14.240 --> 00:01:15.910 have been more likely to donate their 00:01:15.920 --> 00:01:18.469 brains for research. So, this study does 00:01:18.479 --> 00:01:20.789 not tell us that one in four NFL players 00:01:20.799 --> 00:01:23.670 will develop CTE. It does tell us that 00:01:23.680 --> 00:01:25.510 there's still a lot we need to learn. I 00:01:25.520 --> 00:01:27.830 spoke with our Dr. Sanjay Gupta and our 00:01:27.840 --> 00:01:29.910 Andy Scholes about what these findings 00:01:29.920 --> 00:01:32.390 might really mean. That's a reality for 00:01:32.400 --> 00:01:34.230 former NFL players. You get worried, you 00:01:34.240 --> 00:01:36.069 get concerned, you think, I feel fine 00:01:36.079 --> 00:01:37.990 now, but what am I going to feel like 20 00:01:38.000 --> 00:01:38.550 years from now? 00:01:38.560 --> 00:01:39.510 >> I should point out as well, you know, 00:01:39.520 --> 00:01:42.390 when you talk about 2016 to 2021, so 00:01:42.400 --> 00:01:43.910 that's when they were looking at these 00:01:43.920 --> 00:01:46.550 brains. What that basically means is 00:01:46.560 --> 00:01:48.149 these were players who were probably 00:01:48.159 --> 00:01:51.109 playing in the late 80s and and 90s. 00:01:51.119 --> 00:01:53.030 Okay, so you know, 40 years ago, 00:01:53.040 --> 00:01:54.069 >> a lot has changed. 00:01:54.079 --> 00:01:55.429 >> A lot has changed. And I think, you 00:01:55.439 --> 00:01:56.870 know, that that's one of the things I 00:01:56.880 --> 00:01:58.630 think about a lot just reporting on the 00:01:58.640 --> 00:02:00.389 story for so long is what are the 00:02:00.399 --> 00:02:02.069 changes that have occurred and what 00:02:02.079 --> 00:02:03.670 impact have they made. One of the things 00:02:03.680 --> 00:02:05.030 I think we all talked about last year 00:02:05.040 --> 00:02:06.950 was the kickoff rule. 00:02:06.960 --> 00:02:08.710 >> So [clears throat] players can't move 00:02:08.720 --> 00:02:11.110 until the ball actually is in play in 00:02:11.120 --> 00:02:12.150 some way. 00:02:12.160 --> 00:02:14.150 >> If you look at the statistics that that 00:02:14.160 --> 00:02:17.110 has reduced concussions by about 43%. 00:02:17.120 --> 00:02:19.270 >> That single rule. So obviously over the 00:02:19.280 --> 00:02:20.710 last 40 years there's been a lot more 00:02:20.720 --> 00:02:23.510 than than that rule, but I think it's 00:02:23.520 --> 00:02:25.030 fundamentally a safer game, probably 00:02:25.040 --> 00:02:27.670 even safer uh when you were playing 00:02:27.680 --> 00:02:29.030 versus in the late ' 80s and 90s. 00:02:29.040 --> 00:02:31.430 >> Absolutely. There have been 50 plus rule 00:02:31.440 --> 00:02:33.270 changes just over the past two decades. 00:02:33.280 --> 00:02:35.350 One of them is the kickoff rule. And in 00:02:35.360 --> 00:02:37.670 2024, the NFL had fewer concussions 00:02:37.680 --> 00:02:40.070 across practices, games, all that. That 00:02:40.080 --> 00:02:41.589 was an all-time low. So these are 00:02:41.599 --> 00:02:42.630 encouraging signs. 00:02:42.640 --> 00:02:44.390 >> I have three boys, and this is something 00:02:44.400 --> 00:02:46.390 I've wrestled with, you know, over the 00:02:46.400 --> 00:02:48.790 last few years. We played flag football 00:02:48.800 --> 00:02:50.550 through fifth grade for my oldest, but 00:02:50.560 --> 00:02:52.869 there was no flag football available in 00:02:52.879 --> 00:02:54.470 our area really once you get to sixth 00:02:54.480 --> 00:02:55.350 grade. 00:02:55.360 --> 00:02:57.670 >> And he wanted to try tackle. I'm aware 00:02:57.680 --> 00:02:59.509 of all these studies and what's been 00:02:59.519 --> 00:03:01.030 found over the last few years. So, I'm 00:03:01.040 --> 00:03:03.350 like hyper sensitive to it. He really 00:03:03.360 --> 00:03:06.390 wanted to try it. So, you know, I I gave 00:03:06.400 --> 00:03:08.149 in and I I said, "Okay, we're going to 00:03:08.159 --> 00:03:09.589 do it. You're going to wear a guardian 00:03:09.599 --> 00:03:11.509 cap to every practice to try to help 00:03:11.519 --> 00:03:14.390 reduce the risk even more." 00:03:14.400 --> 00:03:17.030 But even then, um, I'm very hesitant 00:03:17.040 --> 00:03:18.949 about it. I am concerned, Sanjay, and 00:03:18.959 --> 00:03:20.070 every time one of these new studies 00:03:20.080 --> 00:03:21.670 comes out, I'm like, did I make the 00:03:21.680 --> 00:03:24.149 wrong decision? Should I have just wrote 00:03:24.159 --> 00:03:25.910 out flag football and then maybe only 00:03:25.920 --> 00:03:27.110 gone to high school? I mean, what do you 00:03:27.120 --> 00:03:28.949 think? I mean, what can I what what give 00:03:28.959 --> 00:03:29.750 me some advice here? 00:03:29.760 --> 00:03:31.270 >> Well, I'll tell you, I I have a this is 00:03:31.280 --> 00:03:33.110 a big topic of discussion in the in the 00:03:33.120 --> 00:03:34.710 neurosurgery and neurology community, 00:03:34.720 --> 00:03:36.149 and I have a lot of colleagues of mine 00:03:36.159 --> 00:03:37.990 who have sons that are around your son's 00:03:38.000 --> 00:03:39.589 age, and they let their sons play 00:03:39.599 --> 00:03:40.390 football. 00:03:40.400 --> 00:03:41.670 >> So, they, you know, they they're looking 00:03:41.680 --> 00:03:44.229 at all the same data. I I do think as as 00:03:44.239 --> 00:03:45.990 Coy was saying, it is a fundamentally 00:03:46.000 --> 00:03:47.990 safer game now. I think there's a couple 00:03:48.000 --> 00:03:49.910 things that sort of come to mind. One is 00:03:49.920 --> 00:03:52.149 that um everyone pays attention to 00:03:52.159 --> 00:03:54.630 concussions, but I think if you look at 00:03:54.640 --> 00:03:55.910 what's really driving some of the 00:03:55.920 --> 00:03:57.350 problems, it's probably these 00:03:57.360 --> 00:03:59.350 subconcussive hits as well. 00:03:59.360 --> 00:04:00.789 >> And if you look at the data, most of 00:04:00.799 --> 00:04:02.229 those are occurring during practice. 00:04:02.239 --> 00:04:04.470 There's a lot of rewards to playing a a 00:04:04.480 --> 00:04:06.869 team sport like that. I mean I mean all 00:04:06.879 --> 00:04:08.149 the things it's done for your life. 00:04:08.159 --> 00:04:10.470 >> My goodness. Football is the greatest 00:04:10.480 --> 00:04:12.789 teacher of my life and not just for 00:04:12.799 --> 00:04:15.750 myself but for being a good teammate in 00:04:15.760 --> 00:04:18.390 any walk of life. You know, I I the 00:04:18.400 --> 00:04:20.789 lessons you learn through sport are 00:04:20.799 --> 00:04:22.870 applicable for the rest of your life. 00:04:22.880 --> 00:04:25.749 You learn about uh you know, working 00:04:25.759 --> 00:04:27.909 towards a common goal with people who 00:04:27.919 --> 00:04:29.670 look, sound, and act differently than 00:04:29.680 --> 00:04:31.909 you. I want to put guard rails on my 00:04:31.919 --> 00:04:33.670 kids' dreams, not a wall in front of 00:04:33.680 --> 00:04:34.310 them, 00:04:34.320 --> 00:04:37.270 >> right? And so education is key, 00:04:37.280 --> 00:04:39.189 knowledge, information, the continued 00:04:39.199 --> 00:04:42.629 studies, funding for more research. Um, 00:04:42.639 --> 00:04:44.790 that's that's huge. And you know, maybe 00:04:44.800 --> 00:04:46.870 someday NFL these lessons we're learning 00:04:46.880 --> 00:04:48.550 through these very sad stories, 00:04:48.560 --> 00:04:50.469 sometimes tragic stories about former 00:04:50.479 --> 00:04:53.030 NFL players might help make society at 00:04:53.040 --> 00:04:54.790 large better because we learned a little 00:04:54.800 --> 00:04:56.469 something about our brains, about our 00:04:56.479 --> 00:04:58.390 bodies, and how we can be as healthy as 00:04:58.400 --> 00:05:01.510 we can be. Now to Nepal where amid 00:05:01.520 --> 00:05:03.909 almost unimaginable destruction, two 00:05:03.919 --> 00:05:06.310 remarkable rescues have given families a 00:05:06.320 --> 00:05:08.390 reason to keep hoping. Over the weekend, 00:05:08.400 --> 00:05:10.950 two people were pulled alive from the 00:05:10.960 --> 00:05:13.670 devastation 10 full days after those 00:05:13.680 --> 00:05:16.230 flash floods. On Saturday, rescuers 00:05:16.240 --> 00:05:18.469 heard voices coming from beneath the 00:05:18.479 --> 00:05:21.029 debris. The first one took place at this 00:05:21.039 --> 00:05:23.909 hydro power tunnel. Around 900 workers 00:05:23.919 --> 00:05:26.150 are missing at various hydro power 00:05:26.160 --> 00:05:28.469 projects that run along the Trishuli 00:05:28.479 --> 00:05:31.909 River. This work site is nearly 700 feet 00:05:31.919 --> 00:05:34.629 deep. The man was wearing a Power China 00:05:34.639 --> 00:05:37.430 uniform, a state-backed energy firm. He 00:05:37.440 --> 00:05:39.350 was flown to a hospital in Nepal's 00:05:39.360 --> 00:05:42.230 capital, Catmandeue, for treatment. And 00:05:42.240 --> 00:05:45.189 that very same day, just downstream, 00:05:45.199 --> 00:05:47.830 rescuers heard another voice. A woman in 00:05:47.840 --> 00:05:50.230 her 60s was trapped in her home on the 00:05:50.240 --> 00:05:52.390 fourth floor of this building. Video 00:05:52.400 --> 00:05:55.510 from Nepal's military shows rescuers and 00:05:55.520 --> 00:05:57.270 volunteers pulling her through the 00:05:57.280 --> 00:06:00.150 wreckage before she too was taken to the 00:06:00.160 --> 00:06:02.469 hospital. As of this taping, at least 00:06:02.479 --> 00:06:05.029 1300 people have died. Thousands are 00:06:05.039 --> 00:06:06.710 still missing, but this weekend's 00:06:06.720 --> 00:06:08.790 rescues are a powerful reminder there 00:06:08.800 --> 00:06:11.990 can still be hope. 00:06:12.000 --> 00:06:14.710 10sec trivia. Which of these is actually 00:06:14.720 --> 00:06:17.830 a myth about Viking warriors? They used 00:06:17.840 --> 00:06:20.710 shields, fought with axes, worehorned 00:06:20.720 --> 00:06:25.990 helmets in battle, or used swords. 00:06:26.000 --> 00:06:28.230 If you said three, you dehorned a 00:06:28.240 --> 00:06:30.469 thousand-year-old myth. Archaeologists 00:06:30.479 --> 00:06:32.230 have found virtually no evidence that 00:06:32.240 --> 00:06:34.870 Viking warriors wore horned helmets into 00:06:34.880 --> 00:06:36.870 battle. That image became popular 00:06:36.880 --> 00:06:39.350 centuries later, especially through 19th 00:06:39.360 --> 00:06:41.909 century art and theater. 00:06:41.919 --> 00:06:44.150 One Danish homeowner went out to do some 00:06:44.160 --> 00:06:46.150 yard work, but he ended up striking 00:06:46.160 --> 00:06:49.029 silver instead. A lot of it. The man was 00:06:49.039 --> 00:06:50.870 digging in his garden to build a new 00:06:50.880 --> 00:06:52.870 terrace, but when he came across an 00:06:52.880 --> 00:06:56.150 ancient treasure instead, it had 700 00:06:56.160 --> 00:06:59.110 pieces of silver, weighing 41 lbs. 00:06:59.120 --> 00:07:00.790 Danish experts say it's the largest 00:07:00.800 --> 00:07:03.589 Viking age silver horde ever found in 00:07:03.599 --> 00:07:05.670 Denmark. And here's your knowledge bomb. 00:07:05.680 --> 00:07:07.749 Vikings didn't necessarily need coins 00:07:07.759 --> 00:07:09.990 with a specific value stamped on them. 00:07:10.000 --> 00:07:12.629 Silver itself could be money. Pieces 00:07:12.639 --> 00:07:14.469 could be weighed and exchanged for 00:07:14.479 --> 00:07:17.350 goods. A system sometimes called hacks. 00:07:17.360 --> 00:07:19.350 So, this buried stash was essentially a 00:07:19.360 --> 00:07:21.909 thousand-year-old savings account. Our 00:07:21.919 --> 00:07:23.670 next story brings us to the world of 00:07:23.680 --> 00:07:26.390 racing. All gas, no brakes, and no 00:07:26.400 --> 00:07:28.790 humans behind the wheel. In the first 00:07:28.800 --> 00:07:30.469 international racing league powered 00:07:30.479 --> 00:07:33.110 entirely by artificial intelligence, 00:07:33.120 --> 00:07:35.189 fully autonomous race cars took to the 00:07:35.199 --> 00:07:37.589 track in Italy to put their tech to the 00:07:37.599 --> 00:07:39.830 test. Our Ivana Scola was there to catch 00:07:39.840 --> 00:07:40.870 the action. 00:07:40.880 --> 00:07:42.950 >> It's like Formula 1, but without human 00:07:42.960 --> 00:07:43.670 drivers. [music] 00:07:43.680 --> 00:07:45.670 Instead, the cars are entirely driven by 00:07:45.680 --> 00:07:48.150 AI. I'm in Emila, Italy to watch the 00:07:48.160 --> 00:07:50.550 A2RL, a motorsport competition where 00:07:50.560 --> 00:07:52.950 fully autonomous cars go headto-head. 00:07:52.960 --> 00:07:54.869 The cars have no cockpits or steering 00:07:54.879 --> 00:07:57.749 wheels, just supercomputers, GPS, radar, 00:07:57.759 --> 00:07:59.189 and optical cameras. 00:07:59.199 --> 00:08:01.589 >> The actual weight, uh, it's a fun fact, 00:08:01.599 --> 00:08:04.469 is quite similar to a human driver. So, 00:08:04.479 --> 00:08:06.070 yeah, the weight of the car is quite 00:08:06.080 --> 00:08:08.230 similar to a real one. Engineering teams 00:08:08.240 --> 00:08:10.070 say they've spent months writing custom 00:08:10.080 --> 00:08:12.469 code for the cars. And on race day, they 00:08:12.479 --> 00:08:14.629 press go and hope for the best. Each 00:08:14.639 --> 00:08:17.189 team races identical Super Formula cars. 00:08:17.199 --> 00:08:18.790 The only thing that sets them apart is 00:08:18.800 --> 00:08:20.550 the coding. This is the third year of 00:08:20.560 --> 00:08:21.909 the competition, but the first time that 00:08:21.919 --> 00:08:23.670 the race has been held abroad outside of 00:08:23.680 --> 00:08:25.830 Abu Dhabi. Their Imila circuit, famous 00:08:25.840 --> 00:08:28.150 with Formula 1 fans, is known to be a 00:08:28.160 --> 00:08:30.070 challenging one. While the autonomous 00:08:30.080 --> 00:08:31.550 taxis that are common in American 00:08:31.560 --> 00:08:32.949 [clears throat] cities prioritize safety 00:08:32.959 --> 00:08:34.949 and predictability, these autonomous 00:08:34.959 --> 00:08:36.790 race cars are at the opposite end. 00:08:36.800 --> 00:08:38.630 Optimized for speed and split-second 00:08:38.640 --> 00:08:40.709 maneuvers, the cars are programmed not 00:08:40.719 --> 00:08:42.709 to collide into each other, but the 00:08:42.719 --> 00:08:44.550 technology isn't perfect yet. The 00:08:44.560 --> 00:08:46.550 winning team this year was Kinetas, 00:08:46.560 --> 00:08:48.550 which started out as a rookie team and 00:08:48.560 --> 00:08:49.829 now has come first. 00:08:49.839 --> 00:08:52.310 >> It's overwhelming. It's uh I am still 00:08:52.320 --> 00:08:54.949 processing that uh all the emotions. 00:08:54.959 --> 00:08:56.790 This morning, like before the race 00:08:56.800 --> 00:08:59.430 start, I was telling myself, it's not 00:08:59.440 --> 00:09:07.430 how you start, but it's how you finish. 00:09:07.440 --> 00:09:09.110 Today's story getting a 10 out of 10. 00:09:09.120 --> 00:09:11.430 Proof that sometimes a huge dream starts 00:09:11.440 --> 00:09:13.829 with one tiny brick. Lifelong LEGO 00:09:13.839 --> 00:09:16.470 fanatic Alex Sulli has quite the 00:09:16.480 --> 00:09:18.389 collection. He's conquered sets ranging 00:09:18.399 --> 00:09:20.470 from log cabins to the Millennium 00:09:20.480 --> 00:09:22.389 Falcon. But over the years, he's moved 00:09:22.399 --> 00:09:25.750 from building sets to designing his own. 00:09:25.760 --> 00:09:28.230 Using LEGO's online design tools, Alex 00:09:28.240 --> 00:09:30.310 has dreamed up nearly 50 different 00:09:30.320 --> 00:09:32.389 creations. And after years of 00:09:32.399 --> 00:09:34.949 submissions, one of them was chosen to 00:09:34.959 --> 00:09:37.190 become an official set. LEGO designers 00:09:37.200 --> 00:09:39.350 helped Alex perfect the set, and it 00:09:39.360 --> 00:09:41.269 officially hit shelves last month. The 00:09:41.279 --> 00:09:43.990 seaside scene even has an Easter egg, a 00:09:44.000 --> 00:09:47.190 Lego version of Alex himself. Alex says 00:09:47.200 --> 00:09:48.790 putting it together for the first time 00:09:48.800 --> 00:09:52.150 was surreal. Nearly 50 ideas, years of 00:09:52.160 --> 00:09:55.190 trying, eventually one yes. Proof that 00:09:55.200 --> 00:09:57.110 rejection doesn't always mean stop. 00:09:57.120 --> 00:09:59.910 Sometimes it means keep building. Now, 00:09:59.920 --> 00:10:02.070 shout out time. And this one goes to 00:10:02.080 --> 00:10:04.710 Mrs. Salvent at Bumpus Middle School in 00:10:04.720 --> 00:10:06.470 Hoover, Alabama. Thank you for 00:10:06.480 --> 00:10:08.389 subscribing to our YouTube channel, 00:10:08.399 --> 00:10:10.150 dropping the comments, and being part of 00:10:10.160 --> 00:10:12.949 the CNN 10 family. And this shout out 00:10:12.959 --> 00:10:15.750 goes to Mr. Carlton at the Northwest 00:10:15.760 --> 00:10:18.310 Juvenile Detention Center in Winchester, 00:10:18.320 --> 00:10:20.870 Virginia. Look at this. An incredible 00:10:20.880 --> 00:10:23.509 handknited banner. And this is some 00:10:23.519 --> 00:10:26.069 serious talent. Also, Mr. Carlton, after 00:10:26.079 --> 00:10:28.470 39 years, congratulations on your 00:10:28.480 --> 00:10:30.470 retirement. Shine on sunshine. Keep 00:10:30.480 --> 00:10:32.230 learning, keep building, keep becoming. 00:10:32.240 --> 00:10:37.377 I'm Ky Wire and we are CNN 10. [music]